1. Solcia E, Klöppel G, Sobin LH. Histological typing of endocrine tumours. Second edition. World Health Organization. International histological classification of tumours. Genève: Springer 2000.

2. Kianmanesh R, Sauvanet A, Hentic O, Couvelard A, Lévy P, Vilgrain V, et al. Two-step surgery for synchronous bilobar liver metastases from digestive endocrine tumors: a safe approach for radical resection. Ann Surg. 2008 Apr;247(4):659-65

3. Elias D, Goéré D, Leroux G, Dromain C, Leboulleux S, de Baere T, et al. Combined liver surgery and RFA for patients with gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors presenting with more than 15 metastases to the liver. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2009 Oct;35(10):1092-7

4. Moertel CG, Lefkopoulo M, Lipsitz S, Hahn RG, Klaassen D. Streptozocin-doxorubicin, streptozocin-fluorouracil or chlorozotocin in the treatment of advanced islet-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med 1992;326:519-23.

5. O'Toole D, Ruszniewski P. Chemoembolization and other ablative therapies for liver metastases of gastrointestinal endocrine tumours. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2005;19:585-94

6. Roche A, Girish BV, de Baere T, Ducreux M, Elias D, Laplanche A, et al. Prognostic factors for chemoembolization in liver metastasis from endocrine tumors. Hepatogastroenterology 2004;51:1751-56

7. Modlin IM, Pavel M, Kidd M, Gustafsson BI. Review article: somatostatin analogues in the treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine (carcinoid) tumours. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Jan 15;31(2):169-88

8. Rinke A, Müller HH, Schade-Brittinger C, Klose KJ, Barth P, Wied M, et al; PROMID Study Group. Placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective, randomized study on the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors: a report from the PROMID Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Oct 1;27(28):4656-63

9. Rindi G, Klöppel G, Alhman H, Caplin M, Couvelard A, de Herder WW, et al and all other Frascati Consensus Conference participants; European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS). TNM staging of foregut (neuro)endocrine tumors: a consensus proposal including a grading system. Virchows Arch. 2006 Oct;449(4):395-401

10. Rindi G, Klöppel G, Couvelard A, Komminoth P, Körner M, Lopes JM, et al. TNM staging of midgut and hindgut (neuro) endocrine tumors: a consensus proposal including a grading system. Virchows Arch. 2007 Oct;451(4):757-62

11. Dahan L, Bonnetain F, Rougier P, Raoul JL, Gamelin E, Etienne PL, et al; Fédération Francophone de Cancérologie Digestive (FFCD); Digestive Tumors Group of the Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer (FNCLCC). Phase III trial of chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil and streptozotocin compared with interferon alpha for advanced carcinoid tumors: FNCLCC-FFCD 9710. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2009 Dec;16(4):1351-61

12. Bajetta E, Zilembo N, Di Bartolomeo M, Di Leo A, Pilotti S, Bochicchio AM, et al. Treatment of metastatic carcinoids and other neuroendocrine tumors with recombinant interferon-alpha-2a. A study by the Italian Trials in Medical Oncology Group. Cancer 1993;72:3099-105.

13. Faiss S, Pape UF, Bohmig M, Dorffel Y, Mansmann U, Golder W, et al. Prospective, randomized, multicenter trial on the antiproliferative effect of lanreotide, interferon alfa, and their combination for therapy of metastatic neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors--the International Lanreotide and Interferon Alfa Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Jul 15;21(14):2689-96.

14. Altimari A, Badrinath K, Reisel H, Prinz RA. DTIC therapy in patients with malignant intraabdominal neuroendocrine tumors. Surgery 1987;102:1009-17.

15. Bajetta E, Ferrari L, Procopio G, Catena L, Ferrario E, Martinetti A, et al. Efficacy of a chemotherapy combination for the treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine tumours. Ann Oncol 2002;13:614-21.

16. Eriksson BK, Larsson EG, Skogseid BM, Löfberg AM, Lörelius LE, Öberg KE. Liver embolizations of patients with malignant neuroendocrine gastrointestinal tumors. Cancer 1998;83:2293-301.

17. UICC. TNM Classification of malignant tumours. Seventh edition. L Sobin, M Gospodarowicz, C Wittekind, eds. Wiley-Blckwell, Chichester 2009:310 p.

18. Le Treut YP, Delpero JR, Dousset B, Cherqui D, Segol P, Mantion G, et al. Results of liver transplantation in the treatment of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. A 31-case French multicentric report. Ann Surg 1997;225:355-64.

19. Lehnert T. Liver transplantation for metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma. Transplantation 1998;66:1307-12.

20. Moertel CG, Hanley JA. Combination chemotherapy trials in metastatic carcinoid tumor and the malignant carcinoid syndrome. Cancer Clin Trials 1979;85:593-6.

21. Ritzel U, Leonhardt U, Stöckmann F, Ramadori G. Treatment of metastasized midgut carcinoids with dacarbazine. Am J Gastroenterol 1995;90:627-31

22. Taal BG, Hoefnagel CA, Valdes Olmos RA, Boot H, Beijnen JH. Palliative effect of metaiodobenzylguanidine in metastatic carcinoid tumors. J Clin Oncol 1996 ;14 :1829-38.

23. Mitry E, Baudin E, Ducreux M, Sabourin JC, Rufié P, Aparicio T et al. Treatment of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumours with etoposide and cisplatin. Br J Cancer 1999;81:1351-5.

24. Moertel CG, Kvols LK, O'Connell MJ, Rubin J. Treatment of neuroendocrine carcinomas with combined etoposide and cisplatin. Evidence of major therapeutic activity in the anaplastic variants of these neoplasms. Cancer 1991;68:227-32.

25. Noda K, Nishiwaki Y, Kawahara M, Negoro S, Sugiura T, Yokoyama A, et al. Irinotecan plus cisplatin compared with etoposide plus cisplatin for extensive small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:85-91.

26. Arnold R, Chen YJ, Costa F, Falconi M, Gross D, Grossman AB, et al; Mallorca Consensus Conference participants; European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: follow-up and documentation. Neuroendocrinology 2009;90:227–233.

27. Ekeblad et al. Temozolomide as monotherapy is effective in treatment of advanced malignant neuroendocrine tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2007;13:2986-91.

28. Cadiot G, Mignon M. Tumeurs endocrines du pancréas. Traitements symptomatiques. In : Traité de pancréatologie clinique. P Lévy, P Ruszniewski, A Sauvanet eds. Médecine-Sciences. Flammarion, Paris 2005: pp 317-321.

29. Cadiot G, Bonnetain F, Landi B, Bouché O, Mitry E, Bedenne L, Ruszniewski P, Ricard F, Vitry F, Jouve J. LV5FU2 simplifié-irinotécan (FOLFIRI) en première ligne de traitement des carcinomes endocrines duodéno-pancréatiques bien différenciés évolutifs, métastatiques ou localement évolués. Résultats préliminaires de l’essai FFCD 0302 sous l’égide du GTE. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2007;31 (hors série II):A108

30. Vezzosi D, Bennet A, Courbon F, Caron P. Short- and long-term somatostatin analogue treatment in patients with hypoglycaemia related to endogenous hyperinsulinism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2008;68:904-11.

31. Pavel ME, Baum U, Hahn EG, Schuppan D, Lohmann T. Efficacy and tolerability of pegylated IFN-alpha in patients with neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic carcinomas. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2006;26:8-13.

32. Pavel M, Hainsworth JD, Baudin E, Peeters M, Hoersch D, Anthony L, A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase III trial of everolimus + octreotide LAR vs placebo + octreotide LAR in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NET) (RADIANT-2). Ann Oncology 2010;21 (Supplement 8): viii4.

33. Kulke MH, Bergsland EK, Yao JC. Glycemic control in patients with insulinoma treated with everolimus. N Engl J Med 2009;360:195-7.

34. Kulke MH, Hornick JL, Frauenhoffer C, Hooshmand S, Ryan DP, Enzinger PC, et al. O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase deficiency and response to temozolomide-based therapy in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2009;15:338-45.

35. Strosberg JR, Fine RL, Choi J, Nasir A, Coppola D, Chen DT, Helm J, Kvols L. First-line chemotherapy with capecitabine and temozolomide in patients with metastatic pancreatic endocrine carcinomas. Cancer 2011 Jan 15;117(2):268-75

36. Raymond E, Dahan L, Raoul JL, Bang YJ, Borbath I, Lombard-Bohas C, et al. Sunitinib malate for the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:501-13..

37. Yao JC, Shah MH, Ito T, Bohas CL, Wolin EM, Van Cutsem E, et al; RAD001 in Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors, Third Trial (RADIANT-3) Study Group. Everolimus for advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. N Engl J Med. 2011 Feb 10;364(6):514-23.

38. Elias D, Lefevre JH, Duvillard P, Goéré D, Dromain C, Dumont F, Baudin E. Hepatic metastases from neuroendocrine tumors with a "thin slice" pathological examination: they are many more than you think... Ann Surg 2010;251:307-10

39. Cassier PA, Walter T, Eymard B, Ardisson P, Perol M, Paillet C, Chayvialle JA, Scoazec JY, Hervieu V, Bohas CL. Gemcitabine and oxaliplatin combination chemotherapy for metastatic well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas: a single-center experience. Cancer 2009;115:3392-9.

40. Rindi G, Arnold R, Bosman, FT , Capella C, Klimstra DS, Klöppel G, Komminoth P, Solcia E. Nomenclature and classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the digestive system. In: WHO classification of tumours of the digestive system. Bosman FT, Carneiro F, Hruban RH, Theise D, eds. International Angency for Research on Cancer 2010:13-14.